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Clinical calculator summary

Milan Criteria

The Milan Criteria are used to assess whether a patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis is a suitable candidate for liver transplantation.

Evidence-based context for fast calculator use

Purpose:
Milan Criteria evaluate HCC tumor burden to determine liver transplant eligibility and guide treatment selection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Population:
patients undergoing liver-function, hepatocellular carcinoma staging, imaging, or transplant assessment
Factors:
Number of Lesions, Size of Largest Lesion, Macroscopic Vascular Invasion?, Extrahepatic Spread?
Reference:
Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(11):693-699.
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Milan Criteria

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Clinical Context & Background

The Milan Criteria are used to assess whether a patient with Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and cirrhosis is a suitable candidate for liver transplantation. Patients meeting these criteria have post-transplant survival rates comparable to patients transplanted for non-malignant diseases.
Primary Source EvidenceMazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996;334(11):693-699.
Formula Logic
Single lesion ≤ 5cm OR up to 3 lesions none > 3cm; no extrahepatic manifestations; no vascular invasion.

Reference Data

StatusCriteria4-Year Survival (Post-Tx)
Within CriteriaSingle ≤5cm OR ≤3 nodules ≤3cm75% - 85%
Outside CriteriaExceeds limits / Invasion / Mets< 50%

Clinical Workflow

Use, Interpret, And Continue The Patient Pathway

Expand for workflow guidance, limitations, examples, and related next steps.

When To Use

  • Use Milan Criteria when milan Criteria evaluate HCC tumor burden to determine liver transplant eligibility and guide treatment selection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Confirm that the patient, diagnosis, disease phase, and available inputs match the cited model before calculation.

How To Interpret

  • Interpret the displayed result using the calculator-specific formula and reference table, spanning Within Criteria through Outside Criteria.
  • A boundary result should prompt input verification and clinical review rather than false precision.

What To Do Next

  • Integrate liver reserve, portal hypertension, tumor burden, vascular invasion, extrahepatic disease, performance status, and transplant policy.
  • Document the inputs, result, timing, and clinical context so the assessment can be reproduced.

Limitations

  • Liver function, HCC stage, imaging category, and transplant criteria are complementary but not interchangeable.
  • The result supports clinician judgment and does not independently determine treatment.

Validated Population

patients undergoing liver-function, hepatocellular carcinoma staging, imaging, or transplant assessment

How to apply this result

For a representative case, verify Number of Lesions, Size of Largest Lesion, Macroscopic Vascular Invasion?, calculate the result, and confirm that its classification matches the highlighted reference band before continuing the disease-specific pathway.

Liver / HCC hubContinue to related calculators and clinical workflow resources.

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Frequently Asked Questions

When should Milan Criteria be used?

Use it for patients undergoing liver-function, hepatocellular carcinoma staging, imaging, or transplant assessment when all required inputs and the intended clinical setting are confirmed.

Can Milan Criteria determine treatment by itself?

No. Interpret the result with the cited evidence, complete clinical assessment, current guidelines, and patient-specific goals.

Evidence-based oncology decision support. Verify with clinical guidelines.